{"id":13472,"date":"2020-08-19T20:21:53","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T03:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vietnamesemuseum.org\/lich-su-nguoi-viet-ty-nan\/"},"modified":"2022-01-19T21:21:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T05:21:48","slug":"lich-su-nguoi-viet-ty-nan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vietnamesemuseum.org\/vi\/lich-su-nguoi-viet-ty-nan\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” vertically_center_columns=”true” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”#dd8500″ scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”center” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”padding-5-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]\n

L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”Full Width Line” line_thickness=”5″ divider_color=”extra-color-2″][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]Hai Cu\u1ed9c Di C\u01b0 V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i 1954 v\u00e0 1975<\/strong><\/p>\n

67 n\u0103m (g\u1ea7n hai ph\u1ea7n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7) qua, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hai cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho con ch\u00e1u. S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m bi th\u1ea3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau di c\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u0103m 1954 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1975.( xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00fa Th\u00edch) <\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c Di C\u01b0 V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i 1954<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sau s\u1ef1th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1954,[ nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefngd\u1eef ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf,..v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh(th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1945- 1954, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00ed m\u1eadt tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfm danh)], hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneve k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1946-1954) chia Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17<\/sup>: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafcg\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2ahayc\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 do \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam(\u0110CSVN) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1954\u20131956.Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ea7n 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o,\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 2\/3 t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc. H\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam.( xem th\u00eam Ch\u00fa Th\u00edch) <\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c Di C\u01b0 V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i 1975<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1960, \u0110CSVN ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ngt\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di t\u1ea3nl\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c di t\u1ea3n l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u2018Delta Khmer\u2019 ch\u1ea1y sang Campuchia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c giao tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, khi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111i\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i di t\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Paris ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Cao \u1ee7y Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n (ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 United Nations High Commissioner vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0UNHCR). C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 L\u00e0o. <\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975, kho\u1ea3ng 140.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di t\u1ea3n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Cu\u1ed9c di t\u1ea3n do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di t\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1975, kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan, 4.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, 1.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Singapore v\u00e0 1.250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Philippines.( xem th\u00eam Ch\u00fa Th\u00edch) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a UNHCR coi nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam Vi\u1ec7t Namgia t\u0103ng, s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1976, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf danh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau khi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecbv\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi’. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u201ctr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong khi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m trong kh\u1ed5 \u1ea3i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1978, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ec1n Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1977, kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1978, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n; 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa. Th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c;h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho h\u1ecd t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. <\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1978, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef5 nan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng: c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 62.000 \u2018thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n\u2019 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean sang Th\u00e1i Lan. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2018thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n\u2019t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1nh gi\u1ec1ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di d\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p theo: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ghe \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu trong khu v\u1ef1c, thu\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1edf h\u01a1n 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1978, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng 1.500 t\u1ea5n, t\u00e0u H\u1ea3i H\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3th\u1ea3 neo t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng Klang( M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1, Malaysia) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho 2.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Namxu\u1ed1ngb\u1edd. Khi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1chM\u00e3 Lai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i quay \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf ra bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n UNHCR \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng UNHCR\u2019. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn t\u1eeb tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf UNHCR cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng “trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0u t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (prima facie of concern) m\u00e0 UNHCR quan t\u00e2m”. Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1i do UNHCR qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy ch\u1ebf t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gia nh\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1951 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 n\u0103m 1967. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n;th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Singapore t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 trong v\u00f2ng 90 ng\u00e0y. Malaysia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea9y thuy\u1ec1n ra xa b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi s\u1ed1 thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, h\u01a1n 54.000 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 trong th\u00e1ng 6, vi\u1ec7c ‘\u0111\u1ea9y lui’ thuy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 , k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1979, trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 550.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975, kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 350.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c. Trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9 trung b\u00ecnh ba thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn cho \u0111i t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1979, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (ASEAN,g\u1ed3m Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan) \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y thuy\u1ec1n ra xa b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. <\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf V\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n V\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t L\u1ea1c N\u0103m 1979 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 T\u1ea1i Geneva<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 v\u00e0 21 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1979, 65 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c Tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Geneva. C\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3:Cho t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 125.000 l\u00ean 260.000. <\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u0103m 1979, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ba b\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ASEAN h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Indonesia v\u00e0 Philippines \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c ‘\u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i’ thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. T\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 9.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1979. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1982, h\u01a1n 20 qu\u1ed1c gia – d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00dac, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Canada – \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 623.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1ebfn 1986, khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. <\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Ra \u0110i C\u00f3 Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ebd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd v\u1edbi UNHCR v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1979 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ra \u0110i C\u00f3 Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 (ODP).Theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y,c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, trong khi UNHCR ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 xin th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng sau d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1984,s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 29.100, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 24.865. <\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ra \u0110i C\u00f3 Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 ODP c\u1ee7a UNHCR. C\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y: \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ef1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng qua di\u1ec7n H0 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ODP. (Tham kh\u1ea3o 1) <\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau Ch\u00ed Ti\u1ebfp C\u1eadn Cho T\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o Ho\u1eb7c ODP (tham kh\u1ea3o 2)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho T\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ODP nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c H0 – C\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d t\u1eeb ba n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975;ho\u1eb7c<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. b) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    – Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d do m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975 v\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975; ho\u1eb7c<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. c) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      – Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975 v\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      – Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1eddi gian \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975; ho\u1eb7c<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. d) Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n g\u00f3a ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3a v\u1ee3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft khi \u0111ang \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung t\u00f9 \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Lo\u1ea1i U-11 – C\u1ef1u Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thu\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

        Lo\u1ea1i V-11 – C\u1ef1u Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c C\u00f4ng Ty Ho\u1eb7c T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n C\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Vi\u00ean Gia \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft h\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi 21 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n T\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ODP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u01a1n 500.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1994. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2005, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnhODP v\u00e0 gia h\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a McCain (cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadp tr\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd). Vi\u1ec7c gia h\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ODP k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2009, v\u1edbi Tu ch\u00ednh \u00e1n McCain h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2009. <\/p>\n

        N\u0103m 1987, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 H\u1ed3i H\u01b0\u01a1ng Con Lai (Amerasian Homecoming Act), cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 cha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 23-25.000 tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 60-70.000 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

        S\u1ef1 S\u1ee5p \u0110\u1ed5 C\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf N\u0103m 1979<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 10% thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00edch tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch. <\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1987, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd qua Campuchia, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1i Lan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd tr\u1edf ra bi\u1ec3n. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi qua mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng.N\u0103m 1988, h\u01a1n 18.000 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1979, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1988, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m giam \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ‘s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc’ x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1989, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Malaysia m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn Indonesia sang nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. <\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean suy y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf,c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong khu v\u1ef1c, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

        H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva n\u0103m 1989 v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Comprehensive Plan (CPA)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13 v\u00e0 14 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1989, 10 n\u0103m sau h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Geneva. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, 70 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, Comprehensive Plan(CPA). CPA th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n. CPA c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ra \u0111i b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra \u0111i b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gia t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i di c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ra \u0110i C\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1; Th\u1ee9 hai, cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; Th\u1ee9 ba, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; & Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, trao tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp h\u1ecd \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CPA thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 UNHCR, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t \u1ee6y ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, do UNHCR ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft theo CPA, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n, t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 hay h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong khi nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u0103m 1979 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy ch\u1ebf xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.” Nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng Singapore kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean b\u1edd. Malaysia, trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1989\u201390, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch di d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sau th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1991; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a UNHCR \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. CPA cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1989, kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. N\u0103m 1992, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 41 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n S\u00e0ng L\u1ecdc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n V\u00e0 H\u1ed3i H\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

        CPA l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f2i ai \u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1988. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1989. N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u0103m 1979 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, th\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a CPA l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a di d\u00e2n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1988, b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Geneva, UNHCR v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb (Memorandum of Understanding), theo \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i; bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ODP, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p UNHCR gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. <\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb CPA n\u0103m 1989, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 50.670 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia cho t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1991, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 32.300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, so v\u1edbi 83.300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n xin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00ecn chung, trong 8 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a CPA, h\u01a1n 530.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1951, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Philippines; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n.Tuy nhi\u00ean,t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m n\u01a1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh-H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan – \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi UNHCR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7,\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan th\u1ee9 hai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00ecn chung, kho\u1ea3ng 28% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin quy ch\u1ebf t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n theo quy tr\u00ecnh CPA. H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n cao nh\u1ea5t (60.275), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (18.8%). Vi\u1ec7c UNHCR c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin m\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a CPA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 r\u1eb1ng \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong mu\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i x\u00e9t\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1989, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean,trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1989, trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i,h\u01a1n 100 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m 51 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng,ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111ang ch\u1edd s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Sau \u0111\u00f3,c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1991 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2018Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao tr\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u2019.C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ASEAN nh\u1eadn t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao tr\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd; theo \u0111\u00f3 UNHCR \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng,s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t,t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gia t\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 UNHCR giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a CPA. <\/p>\n

        Trong th\u1eddi gian 8 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a CPA,h\u01a1n 109.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1ecd t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, UNHCR cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb US $ 240 \u0111\u1ebfn US $ 360, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n. UNHCR c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u01a1n 6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 cho 300 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n vi m\u00f4 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, UNHCR \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u u, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 56.000 kho\u1ea3n cho vay t\u1eeb 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 20.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 88% \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 80% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m t\u1ec9nh ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 53 t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a UNHCR tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 25% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sau khi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. <\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1996 UNHCR ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan. Tr\u1ea1i Hong Kong \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. <\/p>\n

        Hoa K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ed1ng \u1edf California, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. <\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y theo nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t. H\u01a1n 175.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1975. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa trong b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n

          \n
        • 1) Tr\u1ea1i Pendleton \u1edf California<\/li>\n
        • 2) Fort Chaffee \u1edf Arkansas<\/li>\n
        • 3) C\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Eglin \u1edf Florida<\/li>\n
        • 4) Fort Indiantown Gap \u1edf Pennsylvania.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u00ecm tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. <\/p>\n

          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 can d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00ean h\u1ecd hoan ngh\u00eanh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\n

          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Hoa K\u1ef3 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1982, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n g\u1ed1c v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i chung.C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf California, Texas v\u00e0 Washington, DC. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ‘thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n’, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i tr\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 \u0111\u1ebfn 1997 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

          Thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u00ecn chung, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, h\u1ecd \u00edt n\u00f3i th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n

          V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t( b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n) n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e0ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u1ef9. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111ang suy y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1982, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1975, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn,thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1985 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, th\u00ec trong v\u00f2ng ba n\u0103m sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. <\/p>\n

          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ODP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam di c\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang Hoa K\u1ef3. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh C\u00f3 Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 cho con lai (con Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3), c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1999, h\u01a1n 500.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 sau khi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, h\u1ecd th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

          L\u1eddi K\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

          M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/p>\n

          Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi g\u00ec t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u2018thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n\u2019?<\/p>\n

          Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 hai cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n?<\/p>\n

          Cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3! Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng hy sinh to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Di s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 gi\u00fap thu th\u1eadp – l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Di s\u1ea3n Thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • – T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o 1: Trung t\u00e2m VN v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Sam Johnson Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
          • – T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o 2:<\/strong> Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Hoa K\u1ef3 – Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 – Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2005. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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